Ionizing radiation can interact directly with a DNA molecule’s atoms. This prevents cells from reproducing. Direct action can also damage critical cellular systems. Sometimes, it can even lead to cancer.
Table of Contents
Can ionizing radiation cause tissue damage?
Radiation injury is damage to tissues caused by exposure to ionizing radiation. Large doses of ionizing radiation can cause acute illness by reducing the production of blood cells and damaging the digestive tract.
How does radiation affect biological damage?
High radiation doses (greater than 50,000 mrem, or 500 mSv) tend to kill cells. Low doses may damage or alter a cell’s genetic code, or DNA. High doses can kill so many cells that tissues and organs are damaged immediately. This in turn may cause a rapid body response often called Acute Radiation Syndrome.
How does radiation cause damage to organisms quizlet?
What is the primary cause of biological damage from radiation? x-ray photons collide with important cell chemicals and break them apart by ionization, causing critical damage to large molecules. Based on the assumption that radiation can cause chemical damage to the cell by ionizing the water within it.
Why is ionizing radiation damaging to cells quizlet?
Why is ionizing radiation damaging to cells? It knocks the electrons from the cell’s molecules, forming ions and breaking bonds.
What is the effect of ionizing radiation on DNA quizlet?
Ionising radiation cause damage and cell death, but can also lead to activation of adaptive and protective mechanisms. Cell mutations and death can occur at the same time as a consequence of ionising radiation. Origin of malignancies is change in genes.
How does radiation damage the tissue?
The source of such radiation is usually either nuclear (e.g. radioactive material) or cosmic rays. When charged particles travel through tissue they damage tissue by stripping electrons from atoms and molecules, thus destroying their ability to function.
What are the tissues most readily affected by ionizing radiation?
The tissues most affected by radiation are those that undergo rapid replacement, such as bone marrow, the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, and skin. Slower-growing tissues, such as those of the brain and liver, require either high doses of radiation or prolonged exposure before they show symptoms of degeneration.
Which type of tissue is most sensitive to ionizing radiation?
Lymphocytes (white blood cells) and cells which produce blood are constantly regenerating, and are, therefore, the most sensitive.
What radiation causes biological damage?
Ionizing radiation is the most harmful because it can ionize molecules or break chemical bonds, which damages the molecule and causes malfunctions in cell processes. It can also create reactive hydroxyl radicals that damage biological molecules and disrupt physiological processes.
How are humans affected by ionizing radiation?
Ionizing activity can alter molecules within the cells of our body. That action may cause eventual harm (such as cancer). Intense exposures to ionizing radiation may produce skin or tissue damage.
What type of radiation mainly causes indirect damage to biologic tissues?
Which type of radiation is mainly responsible for indirect damage to biologic tissue? Low-LET radiation (x-rays and gamma rays).
What is the primary cellular target of ionizing radiation quizlet?
Therefore, DNA is the most likely target for radiation action.
Which statement about dioxins is untrue quizlet?
Terms in this set (24) Which statement about dioxins is untrue? They are never produced in the natural environment.
Which patients should wear a lead apron and thyroid collar?
Everyone working in the implant environment should wear a lead apron and a thyroid collar or be positioned behind a mobile lead shield during an implant procedure (Fig. 5.2). Many operators wear leaded glasses to minimize exposure to the eyes.
Why is ionizing radiation damaging to cells mastering biology?
Why is ionizing radiation damaging to cells? It causes the molecules within the cells to melt together in a compacted lump. It causes the water in the cells to boil. It knocks the electrons from the cell’s molecules, forming ions and breaking bonds.
What part of the cell does radiation cause damage to quizlet?
Radiation may damage cells indirectly by damaging the cell nucleus.
What consequences can occur if ionizing radiation damages germ reproductive cells?
What consequences can occur if ionizing radiation damages germ cells? In males, a radiation dose of 0.1 Gy can depress the sperm population and possibly cause genetic mutations in future generations.
What is ionizing radiation quizlet?
Ionizing radiation (IR) Radiation that has enough energy to remove an electron from an atom (‘break chemical bonds’) – ex. gamma rays, x rays, beta particles, neutrons, protons.
How do products of radiolysis affect DNA?
Radiolysis of chromatin results in DNA strand breaks, base damage, and protein-DNA cross links. Yields for strand breaks and base damage are lower in chromatin than in purified DNA, and lower still in intact cells.
Why does radiation damage cells?
They have very high levels of chemical reactivity, and therefore generate indiscriminate chemical reactions. Radiation and electrons bombarded by radiation move haphazardly inside the cell, resulting in damage to the various molecules forming the cell. Chromosomal DNA inside the cell nucleus can also be damaged.
Which organ is highly sensitive to ionizing radiation?
Organs and cells with high sensitivity to radiation injury are the skin, the hematopoietic system, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, spermatogenic cells, and the vascular system.
What causes ionizing radiation?
Human activities, such as making medical x- rays, generating electricity from nuclear power, testing nuclear weapons, and produc- ing a variety of common products such as smoke detectors which contain radioactive materials, can cause additional exposure to ionizing radiation.
What are examples of ionizing radiation?
Energy emitted from a source is generally referred to as radiation. Examples include heat or light from the sun, microwaves from an oven, X rays from an X-ray tube and gamma rays from radioactive elements. Ionizing radiation can remove electrons from the atoms, i.e. it can ionize atoms.
Which of the following is an effect that ionizing radiation has upon the cell?
1. Ionizing radiation induces direct DNA damage and indirect damage through the radiolysis of water. This damage is either eliminated or fixed in the cell as a mutation or chromosomal rearrangement by DNA repair processes.