How is ATP made in mitochondria 6 marks?


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The Krebs cycle produces ATP by substrate level phosphorylation. The cycle is completed twice per glucose molecule. It also produces NADH which goes on to donate an electron to the electron transport chain on the cristae.

How is ATP made a level biology?

6 ATP. A single molecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide derivative and is formed from a molecule of ribose, a molecule of adenine and three phosphate groups. Hydrolysis of ATP to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate group (Pi) is catalysed by the enzyme ATP hydrolase.

Where is ATP produced in the mitochondria?

Most ATPs are produced by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. The electron transport system is present in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

How is ATP made in the mitochondria quizlet?

The production of ATP in the mitochondria requires a flow of electrons. These electrons are derived from the break down of food molecules. Sugars and fats are broken down in the cytosol and their products transported into the mitochondria. Acetyl CoA is oxidized to CO2 in the citric acid cycle.

How is ATP converted to ADP A level biology?

Energy is released from ATP when the end phosphate is removed. Once ATP has released energy, it becomes ADP (adenosine diphosphate), which is a low energy molecule. ADP can be recharged back into ATP by adding a phosphate. This requires energy.

How is ATP formed in respiration?

During aerobic cellular respiration, glucose reacts with oxygen, forming ATP that can be used by the cell. Carbon dioxide and water are created as byproducts. The overall equation for aerobic cellular respiration is: In cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen react to form ATP.

How is ATP generated in mitochondria by Chemiosmosis?

‘ Mitochondria generate most of the ATP in cells via ATPase rotation driven by the proton flow across the inner membrane by a process called chemiosmosis. This generates electrical potential energy in the form of a pH gradient across this membrane.

How energy is produced in mitochondria?

Energy is produced in the mitochondria in the form of ATP. Energy from the oxidation of high energy compounds NADH and FADH2 produced in the mitochondria by TCA cycle is utilised in the ATP synthesis through electron transport system.

How does ATP get out of the mitochondria?

ATP is transported out of mitochondria by a carrier protein known as mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier protein. It carries ADP inside the mitochondria for ATP synthesis and ATP out of the mitochondria for utilisation by cell.

How is ATP made quizlet?

An ATP-generating process that occurs within the cells by breaking down glucose through a 3-step process. Monosaccharides enter the cytoplasm. 2ATP are added. Enzymes then catalyze a reaction causing the monosaccharide molecule to lose some hydrogen atoms and form 2 NADH, 4 ATP and two molecules of pyruvic acid.

Where does ATP synthesis occur quizlet?

Enzyme that synthesizes ATP. ATP is mainly produced in the mitochondria and is an important enzyme that provides energy for the cell to use through the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

What structure is responsible for the synthesis of ATP?

Most of the ATP in cells is produced by the enzyme ATP synthase, which converts ADP and phosphate to ATP. ATP synthase is located in the membrane of cellular structures called mitochondria; in plant cells, the enzyme also is found in chloroplasts.

How is ATP converted into energy?

Through metabolic processes, ATP becomes hydrolyzed into ADP, or further to AMP, and free inorganic phosphate groups. The process of ATP hydrolysis to ADP is energetically favorable, yielding Gibbs-free energy of -7.3 cal/mol. [1] ATP must continuously undergo replenishment to fuel the ever-working cell.

Why does ATP turn into ADP?

When one phosphate group is removed by breaking a phosphoanhydride bond in a process called hydrolysis, energy is released, and ATP is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP).

How is ATP synthesized from ADP?

ATP synthase is a protein that catalyzes the formation of the energy storage molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). It is classified under ligases as it changes ADP by the formation of P-O bond (phosphodiester bond).

How is ATP produced in glycolysis?

During glycolysis, glucose ultimately breaks down into pyruvate and energy; a total of 2 ATP is derived in the process (Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi –> 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 ATP + 2 H2O). The hydroxyl groups allow for phosphorylation. The specific form of glucose used in glycolysis is glucose 6-phosphate.

How and where is ATP made in a eukaryotic cell?

How and where is ATP made in a eukaryotic cell? ATP can be made by direct phosphorylation of ADP in the cytoplasm, and by an enzyme complex that uses the energy from a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis in the mitochondria. It can also be made in other locations in the cell, depending on the cell type.

How does glucose make ATP?

Glucose is converted into ATP by cellular respiration. Glucose is completely oxidised to CO2 and water producing energy, which is stored as ATP. One molecule of glucose produces 38 ATP molecules by aerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm and mitochondria.

How is ATP generated in the electron transport chain?

The process of forming ATP from the electron transport chain is known as oxidative phosphorylation. Electrons carried by NADH + H+ and FADH2 are transferred to oxygen via a series of electron carriers, and ATPs are formed. Three ATPs are formed from each NADH + H+, and two ATPs are formed for each FADH2 in eukaryotes.

What is synthesis of ATP?

ATP synthesis involves the transfer of electrons from the intermembrane space, through the inner membrane, back to the matrix. The transfer of electrons from the matrix to the intermembrane space leads to a substantial pH difference between the two sides of the membrane (about 1.4 pH units).

How many ATP are produced in oxidative phosphorylation?

Oxidative phosphorylation produces 24โ€“28 ATP molecules from the Kreb’s cycle from one molecule of glucose converted into pyruvate.

What is ATP in the mitochondria?

โ€‹Mitochondria Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles (mitochondrion, singular) that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions. Chemical energy produced by the mitochondria is stored in a small molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

What part of the cell is ATP produced in?

Answer and Explanation: ATP is produced in the mitochondria of the cell, which is where the majority of cellular respiration takes place.

What protein causes the formation of ATP from ADP in mitochondria?

TbAAC is responsible for the import of ATP and ADP into the mitochondrion. Under aerobic conditions, the most important role of the ADP/ATP carrier is to sustain the cellular ATP homeostasis by enabling the 1-to-1 exchange of cytosolic ADP for mt ATP produced by an active OXPHOS pathway.

Which steps produce ATP quizlet?

First step in cellular respiration; converts glucose into pyruvate. Makes 2 ATP’s. Second step in cellular respiration;The pyruvic molecules formed in glycolosis enter the mitochondria, where they are converted to acetyl coenzyme A.

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