Like many other pathological conditions, obesity results from a combination of biological, psychological/behavioral, behavioral, and social factors. It is at times very difficult to separate physical findings that are a complication of obesity, rather than a biological factor underlying it.
What biological factors contribute to obesity?
Many factors influence body weight-genes, though the effect is small, and heredity is not destiny; prenatal and early life influences; poor diets; too much television watching; too little physical activity and sleep; and our food and physical activity environment.
What body systems are linked to obesity?
the cardiovascular system (heart attack; elevated cholesterol/atherosclerosis; abnormal heart rhythms; hypertension; peripheral vascular disease; stroke) mental health (depression) liver (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-NALD; nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-NASH) kidneys (kidney stones; chronic kidney disease-CKD)
Is obesity biological or environmental?
In reality, obesity is a multifactorial disease (3) that is caused by a combination of biological, genetic, social, environmental, and behavioral determinants.
What has caused the obesity epidemic?
The current economic realities have resulted in altered family dynamics, eating habits, and food availability compared to previous generations. The root causes of the epidemic of obesity are governmental policies and the food industry which make obesity difficult to escape in the US and now worldwide.
How often is obesity actually caused by genetics?
Genetic influences Research suggests that for some people, genes account for just 25% of the predisposition to be overweight, while for others the genetic influence is as high as 70% to 80%. Having a rough idea of how large a role genes play in your weight may be helpful in terms of treating your weight problems.
What are 3 main causes of obesity?
These include diet, lack of exercise, environmental factors, and genetics.
How is the endocrine system affected by obesity?
Obesity can be associated with several endocrine alterations arising as a result of changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary hormones axes. These include hypothyroidism, Cushing’s disease, hypogonadism and growth hormone deficiency.
How does obesity relate to the digestive system?
Overweight and obesity, particularly abdominal visceral obesity, increased the risk of a wide spectrum of benign digestive diseases such as GERD, BE, erosive esophagitis, NAFLD, gallstones, and pancreatitis and digestive organ cancers such as cholangiocarcinoma, HCC, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, and esophageal …
What are the 7 systems of the human body?
- Body Systems.
- Immune System.
- Digestive System.
- Circulatory System.
- Muscular System.
- Respiratory System.
- Skeletal System.
- Nervous System.
- Diet. Regularly eating high-calorie foods, such as fast foods, baked goods and vending machine snacks, can cause your child to gain weight.
- Lack of exercise.
- Family factors.
- Psychological factors.
- Socioeconomic factors.
- Certain medications.
What are biological environmental factors?
Biological factors such as breeding behavior, care of young, time of last eating, and food storage cause changes in daily activity patterns. Similarly, environmental factors such as temperature, snow cover, food supply and disturbance caused by humans in an urban setting also cause changes in daily activity patterns.
Is obesity due to nature or nurture?
However, recent studies suggest that genetics contribute to 40-70% of obesity with the discovery of more than 50 genes that are strongly associated with obesity.
Why is obesity increasing?
The simple explanation for the global rise in obesity is that people are eating more high-calorie, high-fat foods and are less physically active. Highly processed foods — with added sugar, salt, and artificial ingredients — are often cheaper, easier to ship, and have a longer shelf life than fresh foods.
What is the main cause of obesity in the United States?
As for what is driving America’s chronic weight problem, there are no definite answers. Scientific studies often reach conflicting conclusions, meaning many theories are out there, but the preponderance of evidence points to the two causes most people already suspect: too much food and too little exercise.
What is the obesity gene called?
The gene is called FTO, and about 20 percent of white people have a variant of the gene that raises their risk of obesity. The links are clear and widely accepted by scientists.
Can hormones cause obesity?
Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate processes in our body. They are one factor in causing obesity. The hormones leptin and insulin, sex hormones and growth hormone influence our appetite, metabolism (the rate at which our body burns kilojoules for energy), and body fat distribution.
What are 10 causes of obesity?
- Genetics. Obesity has a strong genetic component.
- Engineered Junk Foods. Heavily processed foods are often little more than refined ingredients mixed with additives.
- Food Addiction.
- Aggressive Marketing.
- Insulin.
- Certain Medications.
- Leptin Resistance.
- Food Availability.
Is obesity an endocrine disorder?
Obesity is associated with several endocrine diseases, including common ones such as hypothyroidism and polycystic ovarian syndrome to rare ones such as Cushing’s syndrome, central hypothyroidism and hypothalamic disorders. The mechanisms for the development of obesity vary in according to the endocrine condition.
What endocrine issue causes weight gain?
Some of the hormonal problems that can cause weight gain includes underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism), Cushing’s Syndrome (excess cortisol production), polycystic ovary syndrome, Type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance, genetic syndromes such as Prader-Willi syndrome and medications such as glucocorticoids.
How does obesity affect immune system?
Obesity, like other states of malnutrition, is known to impair the immune function, altering leucocyte counts as well as cell-mediated immune responses. In addition, evidence has arisen that an altered immune function contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity.
How does obesity affect the circulatory system?
How does obesity increase the risk of heart and circulatory diseases? Excess weight can lead to fatty material building up in your arteries (the blood vessels that carry blood to your organs). If the arteries that carry blood to your heart get damaged and clogged, it can lead to a heart attack.
How does obesity affect respiratory system?
Obesity causes mechanical compression of the diaphragm, lungs, and chest cavity, which can lead to restrictive pulmonary damage. Furthermore, excess fat decreases total respiratory system compliance, increases pulmonary resistance, and reduces respiratory muscle strength.
How does obesity affect the brain?
But too much weight on the body also can harm the brain. Research shows obesity impacts brain health from childhood well into adulthood, affecting everything from executive function skills – the complex ability to initiate, plan and carry out tasks – to substantially raising dementia risk.
What are the 12 main systems of the human body?
They are Integumentary System, Skeletal System, Muscular System, Nervous System, Endocrine System, Cardiovascular System, Lymphatic System, Respiratory System, Digestive System, Urinary System, and Reproductive System (Female and Male).