What is a propagation step in a radical reaction?

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The propagation phase describes the ‘chain’ part of chain reactions. Once a reactive free radical is generated, it can react with stable molecules to form new free radicals. These new free radicals go on to generate yet more free radicals, and so on.

What is the rate-determining step of radical halogenation?

The hydrogen abstraction by the halogen radical, is the rate-determining step in radical halogenation. The alkyl radicals are also very reactive, and they react with the chlorine gas producing a new chlorine radical.

What is the rate-determining step of free radical substitution?

A set of notes given to us wrote that the rate-determining step is the propagation step. This seems to go against my understanding of the chemistry of this reaction. The step that likely has the highest activation energy should be the initiation step as it is the only step that involves bond-breaking solely.

What is the rate-determining step in halogenation of alkanes?

The reactivity order of halogenation of alkanes is F2>Cl2>Br2>I2 .

How many steps are there in a free radical halogenation reaction?

The radical chain mechanism is characterized by three steps: initiation, propagation and termination.

How do you identify initiation propagation and termination steps?

What is a propagation step?

Two or more propagation steps: A propagation step is a reaction in which a radical is consumed and a new radical is generated. Propagation does not affect the concentration of radicals in the system.

What is the difference between initiation and propagation?

Initiation requires an input of energy but after that the reaction is self-sustaining. The first propagation step uses up one of the products from initiation, and the second propagation step makes another one, thus the cycle can continue until indefinitely.

What is the rate-determining step in the free radical bromination of methane?

Answer and Explanation: – Br−Br→2Br B r − B r → 2 B r is the rate-determining step.

Which is the rate-determining step of chain initiation step?

Which is the rate determining step of chain initiation step? Explanation: Initiator decomposition step is the rate determining step of chain initiation step as it is the slowest of two.

What is the first step of the radical substitution of alkanes?

The first step of free radical substitution is initiation step, where the chlorine to chlorine bond undergoes homolytic fission to form 2 chlorine atoms or radicals. The radicals are extremely reactive and kickstarts the reaction, hence we call this the initiation step.

How do you determine halogenation?

What are the important factors that influence the orientation of halogenation of alkanes?

Halogenation of an alkane requires the presence of heat or light.

Which element is most selective in its halogenation?

The fluorine radical is the most reactive of the halogen radicals, and it reacts violently with alkanes. In contrast, the iodine radical is the least reactive of the halogen radicals. in fact, it is so unreactive that it is unable to abstract a hydrogen atom from an alkane.

Which of the radical chlorination steps is responsible for increase in the total number of radicals?

A Step Where There Is a Net Increase In The Number Of Free Radicals Is Called, “Initiation” Every free radical reaction begins with a step where free radicals are created, and for that reason this initial step is called initiation.

What is the mechanism of free radical halogenation?

Radical halogenation (free radical halogenation): A substitution reaction in which a hydrogen atom is replaced with a halogen atom, via a free radical reaction mechanism. Industrial scale synthesis of chloromethane (CH3Cl) is achieved by gas-phase radical halogenation of methane with chlorine.

What are the three steps in radical reaction use the chlorination of methane as your basis?

  • Step 1: Initiation.
  • Step 2: Propagation.
  • Step 3: Termination.

What is the characteristic of a radical chain initiation step?

Radical chain reactions have three distinct phases: initiation, propagation, and termination. The initiation phase describes the step that initially creates a radical species. In most cases, this is a homolytic cleavage event, and takes place very rarely due to the high energy barriers involved.

What is the correct process of initiating a reaction?

A chemical chain reaction proceeds by a sequence generally subdivided into three stages: (1) Initiation, in which a reactive intermediate, which may be an atom, an ion, or a neutral molecular fragment, is formed, usually through the action of an agent such as light, heat, or a catalyst.

What is chain initiating step?

Chain initiation (initiation): The first step in a free radical reaction mechanism, in which there are more product radicals than reactant radicals. Usually a radical chain initiation step has no radical reactant(s) and one or more radical product(s).

What is first propagation step?

In the first propagation step, a chlorine radical combines with a hydrogen on the methane. This gives hydrochloric acid (HCl, the inorganic product of this reaction) and the methyl radical.

What are the 2 types of propagation?

There are two primary forms of plant propagation: sexual and asexual. In nature, propagation of plants most often involves sexual reproduction, or the production of viable seeds. When exposed to proper environmental conditions, these seeds germinate and grow into mature, reproductive plants.

What does propagation mean in chemistry?

CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY Propagation is the step in a polymerization mechanism, where new monomer molecules are added to the growing polymer chain in the free radical process.

What initiates the chemical chain reaction?

These chain reactions are generally triggered by a single initial reaction where an unstable product from the first reaction becomes the reactant. This process occurs until the system reaches some stable state.

What initiates the chemical chain reaction explain?

A chemical chain reaction proceeds by a sequence generally subdivided into three stages: (1) Initiation, in which a reactive intermediate, which may be an atom, an ion, or a neutral molecular fragment, is formed, usually through the action of an agent such as light, heat, or a catalyst.

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