The proportion of a coal seam that is removed from a mine. The remainder may represent coal in pillars or coal that is too thin or inferior to mine or is lost in mining.
Table of Contents
What is extraction efficiency in chemistry?
Extraction efficiencyโthat is, the percentage of solute that moves from one phase to the otherโis determined by the equilibrium constant for the solute’s partitioning between the phases and any other side reactions that involve the solute.
What is extraction efficiency mean?
The extraction efficiency is the ratio of the amount of DNA recovered post extraction (quantity) to the original amount of DNA pre-extraction (known).
How do you calculate extraction coefficient?
According to Beer’s law, A = ฮตbc, where A is the absorbance, ฮต is the molar extinction coefficient, b is the path length of the cuvette and c is the concentration. Thus, the molar extinction coefficient can be obtained by calculating the slope of the absorbance vs. concentration plot.
What is the minimum value of KD which would allow the extraction of 99.9% of a solute from 50 mL of water with five successive 50 mL portions of ether?
Question 2 (7 points). What is the smallest distribution ratio for a solute, S, if you want to extract 99.9% of S from 50.0 mL of aqueous phase using two 25.0-mL portions of the organic solvent? gives its value as 61.25; this is the smallest possible value for D.
What is extraction in organic chemistry?
Extraction is a common technique used in organic chemistry to isolate a target compound. In the extraction process, a solute is transferred from one phase to another to separate it from unreacted starting materials or impurities.
How can extraction efficiency be increased?
- The Crush. Finely crushed malt yields more extract.
- Temperature. There are two temperature-related effects on extract efficiency.
- Stirring. Stirred mashes yield more extract.
- Sparge Volume.
- Sparging Time.
- Suggestions.
Where does the efficiency of extraction increases?
Better control of the pressure drop across an extraction tube yields higher extraction efficiencies at higher flow-rates than 5 ml/mm. Higher pressures and temperatures were also examined at the low flow-rate of 2.5 ml/min.
What is extraction factor?
extraction factor, Dm The ratio of the total mass of a solute in the extract to that in the other phase. Notes: It is the product of the (concentration) distribution ratio and the appropriate phase ratio. It is synonymous with the concentration factor or mass distribution ratio, this latter term being particularly apt.
How do you determine concentration?
Divide the mass of the solute by the total volume of the solution. Write out the equation C = m/V, where m is the mass of the solute and V is the total volume of the solution. Plug in the values you found for the mass and volume, and divide them to find the concentration of your solution.
Why are four extractions with 5 ml each are much more effective than two extractions with 10 ml each?
If you extract again, the concentration will be lower, in the extract as well as in the residue. So with multiple extractions the amount of material left in the residue will be lower, ergo the extraction will be more complete.
Why is the extraction process repeated 3 times?
Usually the entire extraction process is repeated several times to insure that the maximum amount of the target molecule has been isolated. For this reason it is necessary to also save the phase containing the original mixture.
Is single extraction more efficient than multiple?
Multiple extractions with small volumes of organic solvent are more efficient than a single extraction with a large volume of solvent.
How do you calculate multiple extractions?
What is extraction mining ratio?
The extraction ratio is defined as the volume of coal mined divided by the total volume of coal within a reserve. Coal is a nonrenewable resource. Once it is combusted to make steam for electrical power generation, steel production, or other uses, all that remains is ash and gaseous substances.
What is selectivity in extraction?
Selectivity also indicates the ease of extraction of a solute from the raffinate phase, and higher selectivity corresponds, theoretically, to fewer stages required for a given separation and less raffinate in the extract.
What are the 3 methods of extraction?
Extraction is the first step to separate the desired natural products from the raw materials. Extraction methods include solvent extraction, distillation method, pressing and sublimation according to the extraction principle.
Why is extraction important in organic chemistry?
Extraction moves compounds from one liquid to another, so that they can be more easily manipulated or concentrated. It also enables the selective removal of components in a mixture.
What is extraction process in chemistry?
Extraction in chemistry is a separation process consisting of the separation of a substance from a matrix. Common examples include liquid-liquid extraction, and solid phase extraction.
How can you increase the efficiency of liquid-liquid extraction?
In some cases, the efficiency of a liquid-liquid extraction process can be strongly improved by modifying the distribution coefficient. Thus, an organic acid would prefer the nonpolar solvent when not dissociated (i.e., at low pH) and the aqueous solvent when dissociated (i.e., at high pH).
How do you choose the best extraction solvent?
How do you solve a liquid-liquid extraction problem?
What are the factors that influence extraction efficiency in solvent extraction?
A number of cardinal factors exert a positive influence on the phenomenon of solvent extraction, namely : (a) Effect of temperature and inert solutes, (b) Effect of pH on extraction, (c) Effect of ion-pair formation, and (d) Effect of synergistic extraction.
What are 3 ways to measure the concentration of a solution?
What are three ways to measure the concentration of a solution? Concentration can be expressed as percent by volume, percent by mass, and molarity.
How do you calculate concentration from absorbance and volume?
- Transmission or transmittance (T) = I/I0
- Absorbance (A) = log (I0/I)
- Absorbance (A) = C x L x ฦ => Concentration (C) = A/(L x ฦ)