Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) It possesses ribosomes attached to its membrane. It does not have ribosomes on its membrane. Formed of cisternae and a few tubules. Formed of vesicles and tubules.
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What is RER in biology class 9?
RER is the site of protein synthesis. SER synthesize lipid molecules, which helps to build cell membrane. This process is called as membrane biogenesis. It helps intercellular transport of proteins. It is one of the major transport system of the cell.
What is RER in body?
Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) is the ratio between the volume of CO2 being produced by the body and the amount of O2 being consumed. This value of this ratio gives us an indication as to whether the body is operating aerobically or anaerobically.
What is smooth ER and rough ER?
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum does not have ribosomes on its membrane. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum possesses ribosomes attached to its membrane. Organized. It is organized of vesicles and tubules. It is organized of cisternae and a few tubules.
What are the 3 main functions of the endoplasmic reticulum?
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large, dynamic structure that serves many roles in the cell including calcium storage, protein synthesis and lipid metabolism.
Why is RER Class 9 rough?
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) appears rough because of the presence of ribosomes on it. Ribosomes are sites for biological protein synthesis.
What is the function of RER class 9th?
1)It provides a pathway for distribution of nuclear material from one cell to other. 2)Certain enzymes present in SER synthesise fat,steroids,cholesterol. 3)RER help in transport of protein which are synthesised by ribosomes on their surface.
What is endoplasmic reticulum called?
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is, in essence, the transportation system of the eukaryotic cell, and has many other important functions such as protein folding. It is a type of organelle made up of two subunits – rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER).
Why is RER called rough?
The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is so named for the appearance of its outer surface, which is studded with protein-synthesizing particles known as ribosomes.
What is a normal RER?
The RER under typical metabolic conditions with stable respiratory function ranges from 0.7 to 1.0.
Why does RER increase during exercise?
During non–steady-state, strenuous exercise, the volume of CO2 production rises as a result of hyperventilation and the increased buffering of blood lactic acid derived from skeletal muscles; thus, the RER no longer reflects substrate usage but rather high ventilation rates and blood lactate levels.
What is smooth ER responsible for?
Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones; detoxification of medications and poisons; and storage of calcium ions.
Where is the rough ER located?
Rough ER lies immediately adjacent to the cell nucleus, and its membrane is continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. The ribosomes on rough ER specialize in the synthesis of proteins that possess a signal sequence that directs them specifically to the ER for processing.
What is endoplasmic reticulum in simple words?
Listen to pronunciation. (EN-doh-PLAZ-mik reh-TIH-kyoo-lum) A network of sac-like structures and tubes in the cytoplasm (gel-like fluid) of a cell. Proteins and other molecules move through the endoplasmic reticulum.
Who discovered endoplasmic reticulum?
ER discovered by Emilio Veratti in the year of 1902 as Sarcoplasmic Reticulum in muscle fibers which is similar to ER in other cells (Veratti, 1961). Fifty years later, this new organelle was first visualized through electron microscopy (EM) by Keith Porter and termed it as “endoplasmic reticulum” (Porter, 1953).
What are the two main functions of endoplasmic reticulum?
The endoplasmic reticulum performs the following functions: It is responsible for the production and secretion of steroid hormones. It is also responsible for the synthesis of essential lipids such as phospholipids and cholesterol. It is responsible for the metabolism of carbohydrates.
What are the three types of endoplasmic reticulum?
Endoplasmic reticulum can exist in three forms (Fig. 8.31) — cisternae, vesicles and tubules.
What is endoplasmic reticulum made of?
The ER is often an extensive, 3-dimensional network of intracellular membranes. It is formed of three types of elements: Cisternae, tubules, and vesicles.
What are ribosomes called as?
Ribosomes are known as protein factories because they are the main site of protein synthesis. It consists of two subunits and each subunit is made up one or more of ribosomal RNA molecules and ribosomal proteins. Therefore, they are also known as RNA particle. So, the correct answer is ‘RNA particle’.
What is the structure of the RER?
The RER is morphologically distinguishable by its series of convoluted, flattened like membrane sheets (called cisternae) that arise near the nucleus and extend across the cytoplasm. Sections of the cisternae contain ribosomes, held together by microtubules of the cytoskeleton.
What if RER is greater than 1?
RER values between 0.7 and 1 indicate a mix of carbohydrate and fat as an energy source. If the value is greater than 1, it indicates anaerobic respiration, which occurs when more carbon dioxide is produced than oxygen is consumed.
What does RER above 1 mean?
The value of RER between 0.7 and 1 depicts a mixture of carbohydrates and fat as a source of energy. In case the value is greater than 1, it indicates anaerobic respiration as a result of more carbon dioxide being generated than the oxygen that is being consumed.
What factors affect RER?
The major determinants of resting RER included muscle glycogen content, training volume, proportion of type 1 fibers, [FFA] and [lactate], and %dietary fat intake (adjusted r(2) = 0.59, P < 0.001). Except for muscle fiber composition, these variables also predicted RER at 25, 50, and 70% W(peak) to different extents.
How do you calculate human RER?
How to Calculate RER. RER is calculated by dividing the volume of CO2 produced by the volume of O2 consumed. This is done by indirect calorimetry at rest or during exercise, using a spirometer (or another device to measure airflow or breath volume), and oxygen and carbon dioxide analyzers.
Why does RER increase during recovery?
Under non-steady state conditions, such as during recovery from severe exercise or during hyperventilation, RER can exceed 1.00 due to increased CO2 being expired. After exercise, RER may fall below 0.5 or less as the oxygen debt incurred during severe exercise is paid off.