The primary function of gastric chief cells is the synthesis and release of the proenzyme pepsinogen, which subsequently, in an acid environment, is converted to the acid protease pepsin.
Table of Contents
Which cells are also known as chief cells?
- The gastric chief cell is a cell in the stomach that releases pepsinogen and chymosin.
- Chief cells are also known as a zymogenic cell or peptic cells.
- Pepsinogen is activated into the digestive enzyme pepsin when it comes in contact with acid produced by gastric parietal cells.
What are chief cells and parietal cells?
The two main types of exocrine secretory cells of the stomach are parietal cells and chief cells. Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid and chief cells secrete digestive enzymes such as pepsin. These cells secrete their products when activated by signals from the body such as hormones and neurotransmitters.
Are chief cells C cells?
Parathyroid chief cells (also called parathyroid principal cells or simply parathyroid cells, C-cells, or parafollicular cells) are one of the two cell types of the parathyroid glands, along with oxyphil cells. The chief cells are much more prevalent in the parathyroid gland than the oxyphil cells.
What do chief cells secrete quizlet?
Chief cells secrete pepsinogen, a protease secreted as a zymogen that is activated by the acidic environment of the stomach.
What is the structure of chief cells?
The chief cell is a large cell with an extensive network of lamellar rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER), concentrated around the basally oriented nucleus, and numerous, large, apical exocrine secretory granules filled with digestive enzymes.
What tissue DO chief cells make?
Chief cells are responsible for secreting pepsinogen. They have basally located nuclei and a basophilic cytoplasm with abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and many secretory granules that contain pepsinogen. These are secreted into the lumen of the gastric gland.
What are chief cells stimulated by?
Chief cells release the zymogen (enzyme precursor) pepsinogen when stimulated by a variety of factors including cholinergic activity from the vagus nerve and acidic condition in the stomach. Gastrin and secretin may also act as secretagogues.
What hormone is produced by chief cells?
Pepsinogen is secreted by gastric chief cells, which have been shown to express NK-1 receptors, and is converted to pepsin in the gastric lumen by gastric acid.
What are the 3 cells in the stomach?
- Mucous cells.
- Parietal cells.
- Chief cells.
- Endocrine cells.
What is the role of the parietal cells?
Parietal cells are responsible for gastric acid secretion, which aids in the digestion of food, absorption of minerals, and control of harmful bacteria.
What are C cells?
A type of cell in the thyroid. C cells make calcitonin, a hormone that helps control the calcium level in the blood.
Where are D cells located?
Delta cells (ฮด-cells or D cells) are somatostatin-producing cells. They can be found in the stomach, intestine and the pancreatic islets.
How can you tell the difference between a chief cell and an Oxyphil cell?
Oxyphil cells are easily identified by their large size and eosinophilic staining compared with the chief cells. The eosinophilic staining is due to the large number of mitochondria in the oxyphil cells.
What is the function of the chief cells quizlet?
Chief cells secrete Gastric Lipase which functions to break down fats into smaller fatty acids that can be further digested in the intestine.
What hormone is produced by the chief cells quizlet?
Chief Cells. Releases pepsinogen which is then cleaved by HCl and turned into pepsin which can break down proteins.
Do chief cells secrete HCl?
Explanation: The stomach contains several cell types, each with a specific mechanism of action. Chief cells produce pepsinogen, which is converted to pepsin by hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Parietal cells produce hydrochloric acid, allowing this conversion.
What type of cells are in the stomach?
The stomach contains five principal endocrine cell types: G cells (gastrin-producing), D cells (somatostatin-producing), enterochromaffin (EC) cells (serotonin-producing), EC-like cells (histamine-producing) and X/A cells (ghrelin-producing).
How are chief cells regulated?
Chief cells possess somatostatin receptors regulated by secretagogues acting through the calcium or cAMP pathway. Am J Physiol.
What cells are in the heart?
The human heart is composed of four major cell typesโcardiac fibroblasts (CFs), cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and endothelial cells (ECs)1.
What kind of cells secrete mucus?
Goblet cells arise from pluripotent stem cells and derive their name from their goblet, cup-like appearance. The primary function of goblet cells is to secrete mucin and create a protective mucus layer.
Is stomach a gland or organ?
The stomach is a muscular, hollow organ in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other animals, including several invertebrates. The stomach has a dilated structure and functions as a vital organ in the digestive system.
What is another name for parietal cell?
Parietal cells are also referred to as oxyntic cells, based on the Greek word oxyntos (to generate an acidic substance). The “typical” parietal cell is usually depicted in a triangular shape with the apical region of the cell forming the apex of the triangle, which borders the lumen of the gastric gland.
Why are cells called parietal?
Parietal cells (also known as oxyntic cells) are epithelial cells in the stomach that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor. These cells are located in the gastric glands found in the lining of the fundus and body regions of the stomach.
What is meaning of parietal cells?
Medical Definition of parietal cell : any of the large oval cells of the gastric mucous membrane that secrete hydrochloric acid and lie between the chief cells and the basement membrane.