Overview. A urinalysis is a test of your urine. It’s used to detect and manage a wide range of disorders, such as urinary tract infections, kidney disease and diabetes. A urinalysis involves checking the appearance, concentration and content of urine.
How do you read a urinalysis report?
- Color – Yellow (light/pale to dark/deep amber)
- Clarity/turbidity – Clear or cloudy.
- pH – 4.5-8.
- Specific gravity – 1.005-1.025.
- Glucose – ≤130 mg/d.
- Ketones – None.
- Nitrites – Negative.
- Leukocyte esterase – Negative.
What are the 4 parts of a urinalysis?
- Acidity (pH) is a measure of the amount of acid in the urine.
- Protein is an important building block in the body.
- Glucose (sugar) is usually a sign of diabetes.
- White blood cells (pus cells) are signs of infection.
- Bilirubin is a waste product from the breakdown of old red blood cells.
What is the normal range for bacteria in urine?
Urine is normally sterile. However, in the process of collecting the urine, some contamination from skin bacteria is frequent. For that reason, up to 10,000 colonies of bacteria/ml are considered normal. Greater than 100,000 colonies/ml represents urinary tract infection.
What are some examples of abnormal findings in a urinalysis?
- Acidity, or pH. If the acid is abnormal, you could have kidney stones, a urinary tract infection (UTI), or another condition.
- Protein. This can be a sign your kidneys aren’t working right.
- Glucose.
- White blood cells.
- Nitrites.
- Bilirubin.
- Blood in your urine.
How do I read my urine culture results?
- Positive urine culture: Typically, the presence of a single type of bacteria growing at high colony counts is considered a positive urine culture.
- Negative urine culture: A culture that is reported as “no growth in 24 or 48 hours” usually indicates that there is no infection.
What is a high bacteria count in urine?
Bacterial colonization in urine is high when the level of bacterial counts is elevated— meaning the number of colonies of a single organism is higher than 100,000 per mL. If the bacteria level in your urine is high and it’s causing physical symptoms, you have a symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI).
What is normal and abnormal in urine?
Normal: 1.005–1.030 footnote 1. Abnormal: A very high specific gravity means very concentrated urine, which may be caused by not drinking enough fluid, loss of too much fluid (excessive vomiting, sweating, or diarrhea), or substances (such as sugar or protein) in the urine.
What are the 3 components of urinalysis?
Diagnostic Tests A complete urinalysis consists of three components or examinations: physical, chemical, and microscopical. Physical examination describes the volume, color, clarity, odor, and specific gravity.
What are the 11 parameters of urinalysis?
The Rapid ResponseTM 11 Parameter Urinalysis Reagent Strip is a fast, qualitative and semi-quantitative, dip-and-read test for the detection of Ascorbic Acid, Glucose, Bilirubin, Ketone, Specific Gravity, Blood, pH, Protein, Urobilinogen, Nitrite and Leukocytes in urine, to aid in the general evaluation of health and …
What are five 5 elements which can be detected in a microscopic examination of urine?
- Bacteria and yeast.
- Casts.
- Epithelial cells.
- Crystals.
- Red blood cells.
- White blood cells.
What indicates a UTI in a urinalysis?
UTIs are caused by different types of bacteria. Many of these types of bacteria change a normal chemical in your urine, called nitrates, into another chemical, called nitrites. So, if you have nitrites in your urine, it usually means that you have a urinary tract infection (UTI).
What lab values indicate urinary tract infection?
In some cases, higher-than-normal levels of red blood cells in your urine may indicate bladder, kidney or urinary tract issues. White blood cell (WBC) urine test: An increased number of WBCs and/or a positive test for leukocyte esterase may indicate an infection or inflammation somewhere in your urinary tract.
Can you have bacteria in urine without infection?
Sometimes, your health care provider may check your urine for bacteria, even when you do not have any symptoms. If enough bacteria are found in your urine, you have asymptomatic bacteriuria. The urinary system is made up of the kidneys, ureters, urethra and bladder.
Why would I have protein in my urine?
High levels of protein in your urine over a period of time may be the first sign that kidney disease or another condition has damaged the filters in your kidneys. A protein in urine test can help you find kidney damage early so you can make changes to protect your kidneys.
What does high red and white blood cells in urine mean?
Having blood in your urine usually isn’t serious. But in some cases, red or white blood cells in your urine may mean that you have a medical condition that needs treatment, such as a urinary tract infection (UTI), kidney disease, or liver disease.
What is a positive urine culture for UTI?
A “positive” or abnormal test is when bacteria or yeast are found in the culture. This likely means that you have a urinary tract infection or bladder infection. Other tests may help your provider know which bacteria or yeast are causing the infection and which antibiotics will best treat it.
What types of bacteria is found in urine?
Escherichia coli strains are the most common isolate, founded in 80%of the urine samples of patients with a simple UTI (cystitis), followed by Staphylococcus saprophyticus (5-15%), whereas Klebsiella, Enterobacter or Proteus rarely cause infection outside the hospital (5- 10%) (6).
What bacteria is found in urine culture?
The most common bacteria found to cause UTIs is Escherichia coli (E. coli). Other bacteria can cause UTI, but E. coli is the culprit about 90 percent of the time.
What color is urine when your kidneys are failing?
Light-brown or tea-colored urine can be a sign of kidney disease/failure or muscle breakdown.
What color is healthy urine?
Normal urine color ranges from pale yellow to deep amber — the result of a pigment called urochrome and how diluted or concentrated the urine is. Pigments and other compounds in certain foods and medications can change your urine color. Beets, berries and fava beans are among the foods most likely to affect the color.
What are the parameters in urinalysis?
Twelve of the urine parameters, namely sodium, potassium, chloride, urea, creatinine, uric acid, calcium, phosphate, protein, microalbumin, amylase and glucose, routinely measured in a biochemistry laboratory were chosen to revalue their interest in clinical practice.
What is WBC in urine?
WBC esterase. Leukocyte esterase is a urine test to look for white blood cells and other signs of infection. The urinary system is made up of the kidneys, ureters, urethra and bladder.
What color is a positive UTI test?
It is used as an aid in the screening of urinary tract infection (UTI). The test is a firm plastic strip onto which Leukocyte and Nitrite test pads are attached. If the test is positive, the Leukocyte test pad should be beige to dark purple, and the Nitrite test pad should be uniform pink to red.
What are the 10 parameters of urinalysis?
- Leukocytes.
- Nitrite.
- Urobilinogen.
- Protein.
- pH.
- Blood.
- Specific Gravity.
- Ketone.