Translation takes place on ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm, where mRNA is read and translated into the string of amino acid chains that make up the synthesized protein.
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What does translation in biology?
But what is translation in biology? In biology, translation is a step in protein biosynthesis where a genetic code from a strand of mRNA is decoded to produce a particular sequence of amino acids. In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, it takes place on the ribosomes.
What is translation biology simple?
Translation is the process that takes the information passed from DNA as messenger RNA and turns it into a series of amino acids bound together with peptide bonds. It is essentially a translation from one code (nucleotide sequence) to another code (amino acid sequence).
What is DNA translation and where does it occur?
Translation is the process by which the genetic code contained within a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule is decoded to produce a specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. It occurs in the cytoplasm following DNA transcription and, like transcription, has three stages: initiation, elongation and termination.
Where does translation begin and end?
In this situation, translation begins at the 5′ end of the mRNA while the 3′ end is still attached to DNA. In all types of cells, the ribosome is composed of two subunits: the large (50S) subunit and the small (30S) subunit (S, for svedberg unit, is a measure of sedimentation velocity and, therefore, mass).
Does translation occur in the nucleus?
Thus, in eukaryotes, while transcription occurs in the nucleus, translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
What is the process of translation?
In the process of translation, a cell reads information from a molecule called a messenger RNA (mRNA) and uses this information to build a protein.
What is translation and example?
The definition of a translation is an interpretation from one language or situation to another. An example of a translation is “bueno” meaning “good” in Spanish. An example of a translation is telling a parent the meaning behind their teen’s facial expression.
What is translation of DNA?
DNA translation is the term used to describe the process of protein synthesis by ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum. Image Credit: nobeastsofierce / Shutterstock. The genetic information in DNA is used as a basis to create messenger RNA (mRNA) by transcription.
Why is translation important in biology?
Transcription and translation are the two processes that convert a sequence of nucleotides from DNA into a sequence of amino acids to build the desired protein. These two processes are essential for life. They are found in all organisms – eukaryotic and prokaryotic.
What is the purpose of a translation?
Most common definitions would agree that the purpose of translation is to “convey the original tone and intent of a message, taking into account cultural and regional differences between source and target languages” (Globalization and Localization Association), but how does this reflect the relationship between …
What is transcription vs translation?
Translation. Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template where the code in the DNA is converted into a complementary RNA code. Translation is the synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template where the code in the mRNA is converted into an amino acid sequence in a protein.
In what two places in the cell can translation occur?
Transcription occurs in the nucleus in eukaryotic organisms, while translation occurs in the cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum.
What are the 4 steps of translation?
Translation proceeds in four phases: Activation, initiation, elongation, and termination. In activation, the correct amino acid is covalently bonded to the correct transfer RNA (tRNA).
What are the 3 steps of translation?
Translation of an mRNA molecule by the ribosome occurs in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination.
What organelle is the site of translation?
The organelle that is the site of translation is the ribosome.
Does translation occur in the mitochondria?
Translation in humans takes place in the cytosol and mitochondria. Mitochondrial translation is responsible for the maintenance of the cellular energetic balance through synthesis of proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation.
Why is it called translation in protein synthesis?
Protein synthesis is accomplished through a process called translation. After DNA is transcribed into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule during transcription, the mRNA must be translated to produce a protein. In translation, mRNA along with transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomes work together to produce proteins.
Which of the following is the best definition of translation?
Translation is a mental activity in which a meaning of given linguistic discourse is rendered from one language to another. It is the act of transferring the linguistic entities from one language in to their equivalents in to another language.
How do you describe translation?
A translation moves a shape up, down or from side to side but it does not change its appearance in any other way. Translation is an example of a transformation. A transformation is a way of changing the size or position of a shape. Every point in the shape is translated the same distance in the same direction.
What is translation and its importance?
Translation is more than just changing the words from one language to another. Translation builds bridges between cultures. It allows you to experience cultural phenomena that would otherwise be too foreign and remote to grasp through your own cultural lens.
How does DNA translate to RNA?
During the process of transcription, the information stored in a gene’s DNA is passed to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus. Both RNA and DNA are made up of a chain of building blocks called nucleotides, but they have slightly different chemical properties.
What is produced during translation?
During translation, ribosomal subunits assemble together like a sandwich on the strand of mRNA, where they proceed to attract tRNA molecules tethered to amino acids (circles). A long chain of amino acids emerges as the ribosome decodes the mRNA sequence into a polypeptide, or a new protein.
What is the concept of translation?
Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text.
What is the difference between replication and translation?
DNA replication is the process of making two daughter strand where each daughter strand contains half of the original DNA double helix. Transcription is the process of synthesis of RNA using DNA as a template.